Ellis Island :: essays research papers

ELLIS ISLAND Ellis Island has a long history, was needed, and was the "Gateway to America" from 1892 until it closed in 1954, when it began its slow decay. The island was called Gull Island by the Indians and Oyster Island by the Dutch. Later the English erected a gibbet or gallows on the island for hanging criminals and so the island became known as Gibbet Island. The Indians sold it to the Dutch East India Company for trinkets. The company later sold it to Mynheer Paauw who also bought land along the New Jersey coastline. Samuel Ellis, a colonial merchant bought the island and it became at last Ellis Island. After the Revolution, the island was sold to New York State and in 1811, Fort Gibson was built on it in preparation for the War of 1812. No fighting took place at Fort Gibson it was mainly a munitions storage fort. When immigrants began, pouring into New York City, New York State processed them at an old fort known as Castle Clinton on the Battery at the tip of Manhattan. When that facility became too small for the large number of immigrants arriving in the country, they chose Ellis Island as the new immigration center. After erecting new wooden buildings, it opened in 1892 but those buildings burned in 1897. New buildings were erected in 1900 and it reopened. Eventually the control of immigration was turned over to the Federal government. Ellis Island was the principal federal immigration station the â€Å"Gateway to America† in the United States from 1892 to 1954. More than 12 million immigrants were processed here. Over time, the immigration station spread over 3 connected islands with numerous structures including a hospital and contagious disease wards. It is estimated that over 40 percent of all citizens can trace their ancestry to those who came through Ellis Island. In its early years, when the greatest number of immigrants entered the country, Ellis Island mirrored the nation's generous attitude and open door policy. After passage of immigration laws in the 1920s, it was used more for "assembly, detainment, and deporting aliens," and symbolized a closing door. Immigrants were required to pass a series of medical and legal inspections before they could enter America.

The Fool in King Lear

â€Å"The Fool both emphasises and relieves the tragedy of the play. † Discuss. The fool is a continual character in the workings of Shakespeare. The Fool is usually a cunning peasant that uses his intellect to outdo people of a higher social status. This is particularly the case in the play King Lear. Lear’s jester, the Fool, is indeed a very strange character. He uses crazy talk and merry songs to give Lear important advice. Not only is he important in the development of the plot but he’s important in the development of Lear’s character and also has an important role in the development of the mood in the play.The Fool is one of the wiser, if not the wisest, characters in the play and emphasises the tragedy in that his sharp and mocking double-talk and his constant stabs at Lear’s dignity add depth while at the same time entertaining. He somewhat narrates and activates the audiences awareness of important issues in the play. This is especially so a t the end of Act III scene ii when the fool addresses the audience. â€Å"This is a brave night to cool a courtezan. I'll speak a prophecy ere I go:†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is the voice of reason throughout the play which is ironic because of his part as â€Å"the fool†.Furthermore, the king’s jester has an important part in the development of the king’s character. It seems as if the Fool's purpose is to make Lear see the world as it is and to help him laugh at his horrors. He basically acts and speaks as Lear’s conscience. When Lear is foolish, he bluntly points out the mistakes he has made and tries to help his king see the results of his actions. The fool can get away with pointing out the horrid truth because he is supposedly mad but that means that people don’t always listen to his advice where they should.However, Lear almost treats his jester like the son he never had and therefore somewhat prioritizes what he says, even if most of the time it is not what he wants to hear. Perhaps the fool of King Lear is different to other Shakespearean fools because he is not the average comic fool. Some of what the fool says is funny, but mostly he emphasizes the horror of the tragedy. It is humor that lets him go further in helping Lear than Kent or Cordelia without being banished.After Act III scene vi the fool disappears and doesn’t return to the stage again; the reason why this happens is debatable. Most agree that this is because he is no longer dramatically useful to Shakespeare but all agree that the fools absence seems to darken the mood of the play. Once the king has reached his absolute lowest there is nothing more his surrogate son can do for him. He no longer needs to be told the stupidity of his actions because Lear has finally learned to recognize the truth for himself.

Cmo llenar el formulario G-325A para greencard

Cuando se solicita la tarjeta de residencia  por  matrimonio para el cà ³nyuge extranjero es necesario que cada uno llene una planilla que se conoce como G-325A.   La finalidad de esta planilla (forma) es que el gobierno pueda verificar el historial  de ambos cà ³nyuges, tanto el que pide la tarjeta de residencia, como el extranjero  para el que se solicita. Por este motivo, cada uno de los esposos debe cumplimentar independientemente su propio formulario. Es decir, cuando se envà ­e la documentacià ³n al USCIS hay que incluir en el paquete dos G-325A. Esto aplica tanto a los matrimonios heterosexuales, es decir, entre un hombre y una mujer, como a los matrimonios  homosexuales, entre dos hombres o dos mujeres. Quà © informacià ³n se solicita en la G-325A Escribir el apellido/s donde pone family name Nombre de pila en first name Segundo nombre, si lo hubiera en  middle name Marcar con una x la opcià ³n correcta de sexo. Si se es  varà ³n marcar  male, si si se es  mujer female La fecha de nacimiento (date of birth), empezando por el mes, dà ­a y aà ±o. Por ejemplo, si se nacià ³ el 24 de marzo de 1970 hay que escribir 03/24/1970 Nacionalidad (citizenship/nationality).  Ã‚  No se pide el paà ­s del lugar en el que se nacià ³, sino la nacionalidad actual. Por ejemplo, si el ciudadano americano que pide a su cà ³nyuge tiene tambià ©n otro pasaporte por doble nacionalidad, debe poner siempre USA, no la otra. Nà ºmero de identificacià ³n (file number). En el caso de la persona que solicita a su cà ³nyuge es ciudadano americano  desde su nacimiento contestar None o N/A. Si es ciudadano porque se naturalizà ³, poner su Alien Registration Number, que puede encontrar en el certificado de naturalizacià ³n. Si el que pide es un residente permanente, poner el nà ºmero de ocho o nueve dà ­gitos que comienza con una A y que aparece en su greencard. Si sà ³lo tiene ocho nà ºmeros aà ±adir a la izquierda un cero hasta tener un total de nueve dà ­gitos. En el formulario del extranjero para el que se piden los papeles en la mayorà ­a de los casos la respuesta es None. Pero si en el pasado tuvo un expediente abierto con alguna autoridad migratoria es muy posible que tenga uno. Mira aquà ­ quà © es el Alien Registration Number y cà ³mo encontrarlo. Otros nombres (other names). Por ejemplo, una mujer al casarse puede cambiar su apellido. En este caso,  en otros nombre tiene que poner el suyo de soltera, o incluso el que utilizà ³ en matrimonios anteriores. Esta pregunta se refiere a nombres legales, no a apodos. Ciudad y paà ­s de nacimiento (city and country of birth) Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (U.S. Social Security). El que pide la greencard deberà ¡ poner el suyo, el cà ³nyuge extranjero, salvo casos muy concretos, no tendrà ¡ y la respuesta es  None en esa casilla. Si lo tuviera, ponerlo. En family name, donde pone father escribir el apellido del padre y donde pone mother el de la madre. Justo debajo aparece entre parà ©ntesis maiden name. Es para los casos en los que la madre adoptà ³ despuà ©s de casarse el apellido del marido, poner ahà ­ el apellido de soltera. Si, por el contrario, nunca tomà ³ el apellido del marido no serà ¡ necesario que escriba nada.   En la casilla siguiente donde pone First name escribir el nombre el padre y de la madre A continuacià ³n escribir la fecha de nacimiento del padre (date of birth) y justo debajo en la misma casilla el de la madre En el cuadrado  siguiente escribir la ciudad y el paà ­s en el que nacieron (city and country of birth) Y, finalmente, en la casilla city and country of residence  escribir el nombre de la ciudad y del paà ­s en el que viven. Si uno  de ellos ha fallecido, escribir deceased. En current husband or wife escribir el nombre del esposo o de la esposa, comenzando con el apellido en la casilla que pone family name. En el caso de que la esposa hay cambiado el nombre al casarse aquà ­ en concreto es necesario escribir su apellido de soltera. En la casilla siguiente donde pone first name  anotar  el nombre de pila del esposo o esposa con la que la persona que llena el formulario està ¡ casado/a A continuacià ³n su fecha de nacimiento del otro cà ³nyuge  (date of birth). Es decir, la esposa escribirà ¡ en su planilla el dà ­a de nacimiento  de su  esposo y el marido en su planilla el de su mujer. La siguiente informacià ³n consiste en escribir la ciudad y el paà ­s en el que nacià ³ el  esposo/a del que llena la planilla (city and country of birth) En date of marriage escribir la fecha en la que se casaron, empezando por el mes, seguido del dà ­a y del aà ±o. Finalmente, en place of marriage poner el lugar de la ceremonia, escribiendo el nombre de la ciudad y el paà ­s. Si se celebrà ³ en otro paà ­s, estos son los requisitos para que el matrimonio celebrado en el extranjero sea và ¡lido. En la siguiente là ­nea hay que escribir esa misma informacià ³n, pero relativa a esposos/as anteriores. Si este es el primer matrimonio simplemente poner N/A en las casillas en las que piden el apellido  del anterior esposo/a (former husband or wife. Family name), el nombre (first name), la fecha de nacimiento (date of birth), el lugar y fecha del matrimonio (date and place of marriage) y fecha y lugar de fin del matrimonio por divorcio, anulacià ³n o viudedad  (date and place of termination of marriage). Si hubo anteriores bodas, llenar esos datos en la casilla que corresponda. A continuacià ³n, en applicant ´s residence last five years, hay que poner los lugares en los que se ha vivido por los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os, en orden cronolà ³gico. Es muy importante comenzar con el actual y en las là ­neas siguientes escribir los anteriores. En street and number poner calle y nà ºmero, en city, el nombre de la ciudad, en province or state la provincia o estado, en country el paà ­s y luego en from hay dos columnas, una en mes y otra en aà ±o. Ahà ­ se pone la fecha de inicio, poniendo en nà ºmeros el mes (month) y el aà ±o (year). A continuacià ³n done pone To, y hay que escribir  hasta cuando se vivià ³ en esa direccià ³n. En la siguiente là ­nea donde pone applicant ´s last adress outside of the United States of more than 1 year, si se trata del cà ³nyuge extranjero que vive en el extranjero y ya ha colocado la informacià ³n en la casilla anterior, entonces escribir N/A. La misma respuesta para el cà ³nyuge que vive en Estados Unidos y no ha vivido en el extranjero en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os por mà ¡s de uno. Si ha vivido, deberà ¡ enumerar dà ³nde y las fechas. En la siguiente là ­nea, donde pone applicant ´s employment last five years, escribir por orden cronolà ³gico los empleos. Se pide, en primer lugar, el nombre del empleador y su direccià ³n, a continuacià ³n el tipo de trabajo desempeà ±ado (occupation) y finalmente las fechas de empleo. Comenzar siempre por el trabajo actual. En el caso de haber sido estudiante, escribir student y si se ha estado desempleado unemployed. Si nunca se ha trabajado, escribir N/A. En la siguiente là ­nea pregunta por el à ºltimo empleo en el extranjero (last employment abroad). Si se trata de la planilla que està ¡ rellenando el cà ³nyuge extranjero que vive en otro paà ­s, responder N/A, porque la respuesta ya està ¡ en la là ­nea anterior. Si està ¡ contestando el cà ³nyuge que vive en USA, la respuesta tambià ©n serà ¡ N/A, a menos que en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os haya trabajado en otro paà ­s. Si ese es el caso, poner el nombre del empleador y su direccià ³n, el cargo desempeà ±ado y las fechas del trabajo. En la siguiente là ­nea es muy importante prestar atencià ³n. Si se trata de la planilla que està ¡ llenando el cà ³nyuge extranjero, entonces deberà ¡ marcar con una x la casilla que pone status as permanent resident. Por el contrario, en la planilla que llena el cà ³nyuge que es ciudadano, entonces debe marcar other y especificar por escrito in support of spouse ´s I-130. A continuacià ³n, en la misma là ­nea, firmar y poner fecha   Por à ºltimo, en el à ºltimo recuadro justo antes de acabar la hoja escribir el apellido del que rellena la planilla  en family name. En given name, el nombre de pila. En  middle name el segundo nombre, si lo hubiera. Y en Alien Registration Number, Poner lo mismo que se escribià ³ en la parte superior de la planilla donde se preguntà ³ por el file number. A tener en cuenta al llenar la planilla La planilla G-325A, como todas las del USCIS, es gratuita y se puede bajar directamente de internet. No pagues por este tipo de formularios. Si no sabes una fecha exacta, no la inventes. Simplemente en vez de especificar dà ­a, mes y aà ±o escribe simplemente el aà ±o. Si tampoco està ¡s seguro de eso, puedes escribir que no lo sabes poniendo la palabra unknown. Si bien no es recomendable abusar. No saber una o dos fechas puede ser admisible, pero mà ¡s puede dar lugar a que el USCIS simplemente no acepte como buena la forma y pida que se vuelva a llenar.   Este tipo de peticiones de familia (para cà ³nyuge) es el mà ¡s frecuente. Pero tambià ©n se puede pedir para los hijos. En el caso de ciudadanos, tambià ©n pueden solicitar a padres y hermanos. Si tienes dudas sobre quà © tinta emplear, quà © hacer cuando el espacio provisto en la planilla no es suficiente, etc, lee este artà ­culo sobre cà ³mo llenar las planillas de inmigracià ³n. Las cosas pueden ir mal La peticià ³n de la green card puede ser negada por muchas causas. Antes de comenzar el proceso asesorarse con un abogado particularmente en casos de persona que se quiere pedir que està ¡ presente en Estados Unidos en situacià ³n de ilegalidad, ya que no siempre se pueden arreglar los papeles. Tambià ©n asesorarse si està ¡ fuera del paà ­s pero tiene pendiente una penalidad por deportacià ³n y/o por estancia ilegal en los Estados Unidos y le aplica el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, Notes From The...

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was a Russian novelist and philosopher best known for his novels Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov, Notes From the Underground, and The Idiot. He used his works to learn about the social customs and movements of nineteenth-century Russia, and also to explore himself and gain a deeper understanding of his life. Dostoevsky’s personal life experiences and the philosophical movements of his time influenced his works by shaping the subjects he discussed and the characters that he created. Dostoevsky was born in 1821 in Moscow, Russia. His father, Mikhay Dostoevsky, was an army surgeon and his mother, Maria Nechaeva, was the â€Å"daughter of a prominent Moscow merchant† (Diamond, 1). Throughout his early†¦show more content†¦In 1849, he was arrested for his â€Å"involvement in the radical intellectual Petrashevsky Circle,† a group chiefly interested in the reformation of Russian society (Thomas, 8). He was arrested and sentenced to death, however, at the last moment, he was pardoned and sentenced instead to four years of hard labor in Siberia (Thomas, 8). This experience altered Dostoevsky’s outlook on life and his personal philosophies. In a letter to his brother, Mikhail, Dostoevsky expressed that his close encounter with death on the day of his supposed execution taught him what was truly important in life, his loved ones, and how much he valued it (Thomas, 9). His four years in Siberia gave his a certain appreciation for â€Å"the c ommon people of Russia† that is prominent in many of his works, especially The Brothers Karamazov (Thomas, 9). The experience of being arrested and imprisoned and the lessons he learned from it gave Dostoevsky a considerable advantage when incorporating such experiences and ideas in his works. The emotions he felt while awaiting his own execution, which he expressed in the letter to his brother, can be found in The Idiot, when the main character, Prince Myshkin, describes his experience witnessing a public execution by guillotine when he was a child (Thomas, 9). His time in Siberia also â€Å"provided him with considerable background† for his book Memoirs from the House of the Dead, and â€Å"intimate knowledge of theShow MoreRelatedFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821- 1881) is one of the most famous and widely translated Russian900 Words   |  4 PagesFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821- 1881) is one of the most famous and widely translated Russian writers in the world. He was born in 1821, in Moscow, one of eight children of a staff doctor at the Mariinskii Hospital for the Poor. Dostoevsky was educated first at home, then at the age of 17 he was sent to the Academy for Military Engineers to study engineering. After training as a draftsman, Dostoevsky embarked on the literary career. 1846 saw the publishing of his first book, Poor Folk that

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 1311 Words

Attention Getter: Apparently Gay marriage will destroy the institution of marriage but countless divorced heterosexual marriages, celebrity marriages that can hardly last over 2 weeks are not? How can gay marriage possibly destroy a institution that is already failing? Pros and cons: Many argue that allowing homosexuals to wed will go against there religious beliefs, but not allowing them to marry is a huge violation of rights protected by the Constitution. Stance: Same sex marriage should be legal, it is inhumane to not allow someone to have such a trivial right. Thesis: Banning same sex marriage is directly against the constitution violating the unalienable right to the pursuit of happiness. Preview of main points: Not allowing same sex marriage is stripping the rights of individuals, Homosexual couples should be allowed the same rights as heterosexual couples, allowing same sex marriage would positively benefit the adoption system. Argument 1: Denying same sex marriage is discrimitory and a violation of their religious freedom Subpoint1: Denying same sex marriage is in clear violation of the united states constitution. As mentioned by Paul Horwitz in the Fall 2010 edition of the Commonweal, the United States was a haven for those who wished to escape religious persecution yet hundreds of years later we bring this problem down on others. When we deny individuals their natural born rights we deny them the same equality and force them to deal with a society thatShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Auditing Free Essays

Required Through a memorandum, explain to the directors (a ) Why Is the need for an audit. (5 marks) (b) how the auditor off public company may be appointed under the companies Act (5 marks) (c) What are the rights and powers of an auditor under the Companies Act (10 marks ) (d) The responsibilities of the directors in relation to the accounting ,fraud and internal controls functions of Brian Ltd. (10 marks ) QUESTION 2 The maintenance of auditor Independence Is vital to the credibility of the audit In the minds of the users of the financial statements . We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Professional regulations has been seen as being one of the more acceptable methods of acceptable methods of achieving auditor independence than state regulations although certain sections of the Companies ‘s Act have a bearing on such independence. (a ) state and explain the two sides of auditor independence (8 marks ) (b ) Explain the circumstance that may threaten auditor ‘ Independence and objectivity(10 marks ) ( c) Explain mom the measures that auditors may Implement In order to deal with the threats (12 marks) Question 3 The directors of Mellon Manufacturing have asked your firm to act as their auditors for the year ended 30 September. They will be asking their existing auditors to resign, as they do not provide a cost effective service. The partner proposed for appointment to Mellon Manufacturing holds a membership certificate and a certificate of registration as a registered auditor through the COCA. The proposed partner is scheduled for routine Investigation by the COCA regulation monitoring unit. A) Describe the investigations you would carry out and ethical matters you would consider before you can accept the appointment as the company’s auditor. (8 marks) (b) Explain why it is important that an auditor should send a letter of engagement to the client prior to undertaking an audit. (4 marks) (b) Briefly describe the main contents of a letter of engagement which you would send to the directors of Mellon Manufacturing. (8 marks) How to cite Auditing, Papers Auditing Free Essays Assume that fraud has been discovered In the â€Å"Possible Errors and Fraud† list, shown as A through O In the problem. Select two of the fraud Items from the list and note them here: Fraud Item Invoices for goods sold are posted to incorrect customer accounts. Fraud Item Invoices are sent for shipped goods and are recorded in the sales journal, but are not posted to any customer account. We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Following the scientific method, answer the following questions below: a. Do aground research in relationship to the issue to get a more in-depth understanding of the situation. What questions would you ask of management to determine how the fraud Is occurring based on the specific fraud Identified? Fraud Item #1 Are the employees In charge of shipping comparing the product shipped with the sales Invoice to determine that the goods are being shipped to the customer who ordered them? Fraud Item #2 Why are the invoices for shipped goods not being posted to any of the customers’ accounts? B. Construct your hypotheses concerning the issue which we will use to test our data against. Your hypotheses will be the implications on the financial statements because of the fraud Items you Identified. (Which accounts are affected? Will they be overstated or understated? ) Fraud Item #1 If Invoices are checked once a month, then goods would not be sent to wrong customers. Fraud Item #2 If controlled amounts posted to the accounts receivable ledger are compared with control totals of invoices, then invoices would be posted to the customer’s account. C. Test your Hypotheses by doing experiments. To test your hypotheses, you’ll need to list controls that would have to fall for the read to be committed. Then for testing, list what specific audit procedures you â€Å"Controls† from problem 11-38 that apply to your fraud items. Controls that would have to fail to allow fraud Audit procedures to test controls Fraud Item #1 Invoices are going to the wrong customer C. Monthly statements are mailed to all customers with outstanding balances. Fraud Item #2 Invoices are not being posted to the customer’s account K. Control amounts posted to the accounts receivable ledger are compared with control totals of invoices. D. Analyze your data and draw a conclusion concerning the population under study. We are assuming that fraud has been discovered in the two areas you chose, so that’s the conclusion! E. Communicate your results. To communicate your results, list some enhancements or changes to controls that need to be made to keep the fraud from occurring in the future. Fraud Item #1 Statements will be mailed out to the customers that have an outstanding balance every month. Fraud Item #2 The control amounts that are posted to the accounts receivable ledger will be compared with control totals of invoices at least once a month. How to cite Auditing, Papers

Sustainability in Marketing

Question: Describe about the topic Sustainability in Marketing? Answer: Introduction Sustainability in marketing or sustainable marketing is the process in which the companies take the initiative to endorse or promote goods which are safe ecologically and advertising a companys commitment towards eco-friendly products. In this of marketing, a company tries to benefit from the greater significance that the consumers put on a particular product which is eco-friendly, so that the company can restructure their investment for the manufacturing of the same product. Literature Review As studied by Lee Lam (2012), the escalating interest of people in the conservation of energy and ecosystem has led companies to alter their strategies and reorganize accordingly. They have to rethink on how to position them in the market. A company needs to redesign its work processes towards developing a product according to the environmental issues. Today, it is found that consumers go for products which are eco-friendly and thus companies are adopting sustainable marketing in which the products are modified and packed in a way which does not affect the environment or disturbs the ecosystem. The companies redesign their product and give them a green image so as to attract consumers and make a strong customer base; this also depicts the companys social responsibility. This strategy helps the company to keep the price at a relatively higher rate because consumers prefer green and eco-friendly products. Here, the objective is to examine the sustainability of the industrial marketing . The goal is to analyze the operations which are related to the recycling of products and materials which is also known as reverse logistics, to find out what are the problems faced daily and to examine the origin of such problems. Now to solve these problems, certain recommendations are given to improve the performance and effectiveness of reverse logistics. The importance of the article is to see how green marketing is having an effect on sustainable operations management. Due to green marketing consumers are getting inclined towards products which are eco-friendly so the companies try to ensure that sustainability is achieved by enhancing the efficiency of the operations by reducing the time, costs maintaining the margin of profit and attaining the objectives of the business. Thus, companies are trying to retain their customers through sustainable marketing by altering the business processes as per customer wants (Lee Lam, 2012). According to Pomering (2014), a marketing planning structure is developed which will be an aid to the managers to focus on the sustainability issues in their process of decision making. A Sustainability Marketing Model is suggested flows through the marketing planning process. This framework shows a matrix which has four decisive fields to the conventional marketing mix- Physical Evidence, Process, Participants and Partnership which represents on the three pillars of Triple Bottom Line or Sustainable Development- Planet, People and Profit. This model is formulated so that the managers review if there is a sustainable effect of their decisions (Pomering, 2014). The theory of sustainable development is that our future generations must not compromise for the actions of the present generations. Sustainability Marketing Model is a methodical structure that gives the managers an opportunity to consider the sustainable consequences of the demand and supply side decisions taken. The model en sures that the sustainable development issues are put into strategic process of planning which eventually cascades to operational processes. This particular model is joined relevantly with the traditional model of marketing mix is than cross-referred with the Triple Bottom Line Model which forms the Sustainable Marketing Matrix. The positioning of a company is well affected by sustainability. The matrix does not deliver ambiguity and provides complete review of the operational decisions that may have an impact on outcomes and decrease harmful results. According to Connelly, Ketchen Slaters (2010) article, it can see that sustainability is providing a great future in market research through some important company hypothesis. Mainly it is seen that the suggestions offered by sustainability are transaction cost economics, agency theory, population ecology, resource dependency theory, the resource-based view of the firm, upper echelons theory, social network theory and signaling theory. It is seen that how this theories are helping the researchers to follow the paths that the firms can establish themselves in sustainability marketing and different practices of business so that it can develop our observations or views that will appear from concurrent tests of interdependent theoretical prospects (Connelly, Ketchen Slater, 2010). According to Hult (2010), sustainability is growing and it is been conceptualized by eminent persons and experimented by managers. With the increasing focus on sustainability efforts marketing holds a distinctive place within the customers to keep their relationship intact. Organizations tries to achieve the market-based sustainability to a certain extent that they can keep up to the customer needs for that they modifies in their products according to the needs of their purchaser. In the present scenario stakeholders keeps in their account that the products they are bringing in the market are easily acceptable by the consumers and for that they are using eco-friendly materials to manufacture their products. As todays consumers are more keen towards those products which are made from natures by product. These types of ideas by the company are helping the consumers to choose an eco-friendly product which does not harm our environment (Hult, 2010). In todays market stakeholders are int roducing CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) to maintain their sustainability in their market. Triple bottom line is one of the theories of CSR which is focusing the customers. The main three pillars of Triple bottom line is People, Planet and Profit. Now customers are very much into using eco- friendly products. The company s are making their product not only looking into their profits but also to the customer needs so that it improves the well-being of the society and consumers. As mentioned by Dam Apeldoorn (2015), in marketing Sustainability plays an important role in economic development .To improve the relationship between marketing and natural environment the efforts of societal marketing and green marketing is used. Sustainability development has been defined as meets the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Green Marketing gives importance to the push and pull-strategy of the market. It is easily acceptable by the consumers due to its environmental friendliness. It is covering a huge range of the market by the production of the product, its modification and also its packaging and advertising plays an important role in the present market. Societal marketing not only looks into the profit of the product but it also sees that how that product is making an impact in the society. Societal marketing also keeps their focus on the customer needs. According to the customer needs they develo p their product keeping their profit intact (Dam Apeldoorn, 2015). Conclusion Sustainability in marketing is required for the companies because it offers a company to be different from its competitors and also help in increasing profits. Researchers can know about sustainability in marketing through nine significant theories which helps them know a firms business practices. A company tries to bring out a product which satisfies the wants of the consumers, an eco-friendly product which does not harm the environment and the society. The company also stays in profit by manufacturing such sustainable products keeping the prices of the product high because the consumers now prefer such environmentally safe. Sustainable marketing puts efforts on green marketing and societal marketing. It also helps in reverse logistics in industrial marketing, finding out what the problem is and the cause of the problems. Sustainability in marketing can be broadly explained through Sustainability Marketing Matrix, which shows a companys decision making ability in operations and prov ide positive results. Thus we see that sustainability in marketing a can be achieved through repositioning and making changes according to the needs of the consumers without affecting the environment and the eco system. Reference List Connelly, B., Ketchen, D., Slater, S. (2010). Toward a theoretical toolbox for sustainability research in marketing.Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science,39(1), 86-100. doi:10.1007/s11747-010-0199-0 Dam, Y., Apeldoorn, P. (2015). sustainable marketing.Journal Of Macromarketing, 46-52. Hult, G. (2010). Market-focused sustainability: market orientation plus!.Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science,39(1), 1-6. doi:10.1007/s11747-010-0223-4 Lee, C., Lam, J. (2012). Managing reverse logistics to enhance sustainability of industrial marketing.Industrial Marketing Management,41(4), 589-598. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.04.006 Pomering, A. (2014). Strategic marketing sustainability: from a marketing mix to a marketing matrix.Being Practical With Theory: A Window Into Business Research,3(2), 80-86.