Morally Ambiguous Characters in Fyodor Dostoevskys Crime...

Often times in literature, we are presented with quintessential characters that are all placed into the conventional categories of either good or bad. In these pieces, we are usually able to differentiate the characters and discover their true intentions from reading only a few chapters. However, in some remarkable pieces of work, authors create characters that are so realistic and so complex that we are unable to distinguish them as purely good or evil. In the novel Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky develops the morally ambiguous characters of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov to provide us with an interesting read and to give us a chance to evaluate each character. Svidrigailov is one of the most unfathomable characters in Crime†¦show more content†¦Being the protagonist in Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov is subject to most ridicule and analysis for his moral ambiguity and outlandish views. After reading about his dreadful murder of Alyona and Lizaveta Ivanovna, m any come to the conclusion that Raskolnikov is purely evil. His lack of guilt and belief of justification for his crime surely points readers in this direction. Raskolnikov remains convinced that he is superior and that it was his duty to kill such a worthless person. Although some may view this as evilness, others may perceive it as downright ignorant. His atypical way of thinking doesn’t necessarily make him evil, but that is how some comprehend it. At certain points in the story, we see Raskolnikov not as a deranged man, but instead as a compassionate human being. After the murder, we see him carrying out various charitable acts, perhaps as an attempt to atone for his unforgivable crime. For example, we see some good in him when he gives Sonya’s family twenty rubbles after Marmeladov passes on. We also see this when he attempts to rescue a drunk girl from a man by giving her money for a taxi. As much as Raskolnikov expresses that he was justified in his ac tions, through his mental and physical illnesses it is apparent that he feels some guilt about it. This guilt makes him seem at least a little bit more human. For these reasons, when all is said and done, it is difficult to determineShow MoreRelatedFyodor Dostoevskys Crime And Punishment : Character Analysis791 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a character is written as overtly good, he or she cannot be relatable. But if a character is not wholly good or evil, then they are more human-like than fictional character. A character who embodies both extremes is one who the reader can analyse the scope of humanity through. Raskolnikov from Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is a morally ambiguous character who plays a pivotal role, in order to highlight that there is a duality in human nature that cannot be shown in characters who areRead MoreEssay about A Nihilistic Analysis of Crime and Punishment4893 Words   |  20 PagesA Nihilistic Analysis of Crime and Punishment This paper provides an exhaustive analysis, from a Nihilistic perspective, of the novel, Crime and Punishment. The paper is divided into many sections, each with a self-explanatory title in capital letters, such as the section that immediately follows this sentence. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MARMELADOVS RECOLLECTION SCENE Katerina Ivanovna must deal with a man who drinks his life away while his family starves. Marmeladov recounts their sufferingRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesOthers Other existential philosophers include  Simone de Beauvoir,  Martin Heidegger,  Karl Jaspers,  Gabriel Marcel  and  Franz Kafka. Existentialist philosophy was also influenced by many other works, including those of  Friedrich Nietzsche, G. W. F. Hegel, Fyodor Dostoevsky and  Edmund Husserl. 1. Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard  (1813–1855) was a Danish philosopher who contributed greatly to  existentialism. Kierkegaard seemed to believe in the idea of subjective truth—that is, the relationship one has with what he

Review Of The Book Thief Essay Example For Students

Review Of The Book Thief Essay Review of: The Book Thief by Markus Zusak It seems sometimes like the market for young adult literature is written down to the readers, almost in a condescending manner. That is why a book like The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is so refreshing in this sea of cookie cutter romances and fantasies. While classified as a young adult novel, it deals with very serious themes. The book’s cover comes printed with this label: â€Å"It is 1939. Nazi Germany. The country is holding its breath. Death has never been busier, and will become busier still.† It is a dark allusion to what is to come. But Zusak makes this story more accessible to the audience he is writing to and does this by creating identifiable characters, by bringing humor into this gloomy subject and by using a unique narrative to keep the reader enthralled. Zusak, in this book, creates a very identifiable and unique protagonist and then surrounds her with equally unique and engaging characters. The protagonist is Liesel Meminger who is only nine years old when she is taken to live with the Hubermanns, a foster family, in Molching, Germany in the late 1930s. She arrives with few possessions, but among them is The Grave Diggers’ Handbook, a book she stole from her brother’s burial place. During the years that Liesel lives with the Hubermanns, Hitler becomes more powerful, and life on their little street becomes more fearful, and Liesel becomes a full-fledged book thief. She rescues books from Nazi book-burnings and steals from the library of the mayor. She steals, not because she is a kleptomaniac, but she steals books that mark important moments in her life. â€Å"The point is, it didn’t really matter what the book was about. It was what it meant that was more impor. .es and intonations, with each passing moment. A single hour can consist of thousands of different colors. Waxy yellows, cloud-spat blues. Murky darknesses. In my line of work, I make it a point to notice them. † Along with his stream-of-consciousness style, Zusak has his narrator divide the book into quick, choppy chapters, rarely any longer than five pages. Death also throws in his own personal thoughts as interjections in the action of the story. Sometimes it’s with small facts about himself, other times its deeper insights to the action and sometimes it’s with clarifications. Death is really the perfect narrator for this story. The Book Thief stands out in its genre as a smart, entertaining, albeit sometimes dark novel for young adults. It is a book that, through its characters, dark humor, and innovative narration, can captivate practically any audience.

Theater And Drama In Ancient Greece Took Form In About 5th Essays

Theater and drama in Ancient Greece took form in about 5th century BCE, with the Sopocles, the great writer of tragedy. In his plays and those of the same genre, heroes and the ideals of life were depicted and glorified. It was believed that man should live for honor and fame, his action was courageous and glorious and his life would climax in a great and noble death. Originally, the heros recognition was created by selfish behaviors and little thought of service to others. As the Greeks grew toward city-states and colonization, it became the destiny and ambition of the hero to gain honor by serving his city. The second major characteristic of the early Greek world was the supernatural. The two worlds were not separate, as the gods lived in the same world as the men, and they interfered in the mens lives as they chose to. It was the gods who sent suffering and evil to men. In the plays of Sophocles, the gods brought about the heros downfall because of a tragic flaw in the character of the hero. In Greek tragedy, suffering brought knowledge of worldly matters and of the individual. Aristotle attempted to explain how an audience could observe tragic events and still have a pleasurable experience. Aristotle, by searching the works of writers of Greek tragedy, Aeschulus, Euripides and Sophocles (whose Oedipus Rex he considered the finest of all Greek tragedies), arrived at his definition of tragedy. This explanation has a profound influence for more than twenty centuries on those writing tragedies, most significantly Shakespeare. Aristotles analysis of tragedy began with a description of the effect such a work had on the audience as a catharsis or purging of the emotions. He decided that catharsis was the purging of two specific emotions, pity and fear. The hero has made a mistake due to ignorance, not because of wickedness or corruption. Aristotle used the word hamartia, which is the tragic flaw or offense committed in ignorance. For example, Oedipus is ignorant of his true parentage when he commits his fatal deed. Oedipus Rex is one of the stories in a three-part myth called the Thebian cycle. The structure of most all Greek tragedies is similar to Oedipus Rex. Such plays are divided in to five parts, the prologue or introduction, the prados or entrance of the chorus, four episode or acts separates from one another by stasimons or choral odes, and exodos, the action after the last stasimon. These odes are lyric poetry, lines chanted or sung as the chorus moved rhythmically across the orchestra. The lines that accompanied the movement of the chorus in one direction were called strophe, the return movement was accompanied by lines called antistrophe. The choral ode might contain more than one strophe or antistrophe. Greek tragedy originated in honor of the god of wine, Dionysus, the patron god of tragedy. The performance took place in an open-air theater. The word tragedy is derived from the term tragedia or goat-song, named for the goat skins the chorus wore in the performance. The plots came from legends of the Heroic Age. Tragedy grew from a choral lyric, as Aristotle said, tragedy is largely based on lifes pity and splendor. Plays were performed at dramatic festivals, the two main ones being the Feast of the Winepress in January and the City Dionysia at the end of March. The Proceeding began with the procession of choruses and actors of the three competing poets. A herald then announced the poets names and the titles of their plays. On this day it was likely that the image of Dionysus was taken in a procession from his temple beside the theater to a point near the road he had once taken to reach Athens from the north, then it was brought back by torch light, amid a carnival celebration, to the theater itself, where his priest occupied the central seat of honor during the performances. On the first day of the festival there were contests between the choruses, five of men and five of boys. Each chorus consisted of fifty men or boys. On the next three days, a tragic tetralogy (group made up of four pieces, a trilogy followed by a satyric drama) was performed each morning. This is compared to the Elizabethan habit of following a tragedy with a jig. During the Peloponnesian Wars, this was followed by a comedy each afternoon. The Father of the drama was Thesis of Athens, 535 BC, who created the first actor. The actor performed in intervals between the dancing of the chorus and conversing at times with

Forms of Business Organization

Forms of Business Organization Free Online Research Papers For American business owners there are a variety of legal structures available to organize their businesses. These various legal structures make provisions for liability, income taxes, continuity of the business, control of the business, profit retention, and regulatory requirements. Each of these organizational structures is different and offers advantages and disadvantages. It is the responsibility of the business owner to choose an organizational structure that will maximize advantages and minimize disadvantages for their business. Some of the various legal structures and their specific characteristics include: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP – A sole proprietorship is the most common business organization used today. It is an unincorporated business owned by a single person and is used most often by small businesses that do not have large capital needs. 1. Liability: The owner is personally liable for all of the business’s debts. This is a serious disadvantage of a sole proprietorship. 2. Income taxes: A sole proprietorship is not a taxable entity. Unlike a C corporation, profits from a sole proprietorship are not taxed twice. All profits and losses pass through to the owner and are taxed at the owner’s personal tax rate. 3. Continuity: A sole proprietorship will continue as long as there is one owner. If the owner brings someone on board to help manage or add capital to the business, then it will cease being a sole proprietorship and it will become a partnership. 4. Control: The business owner has total control of a sole proprietorship. However, a serious disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is the owner’s inability to raise capital since there is no stock to sell. Managing his debt and cash flow is the only way to increase capital. 5. Profit Retention: A sole proprietorship is not a taxable entity; consequently profits from a sole proprietorship are not taxed twice. All profits and losses pass through to the owner and are taxed once at the owner’s individual tax rate. Avoiding the double taxation of a corporation enables the sole proprietor to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: A sole proprietorship is very easy to form. It does not have the reporting requirements of a corporation (board of director meetings, minutes, etc.). Its filing requirements are generally quarterly tax payment estimations to the IRS for the owner’s personal taxes, and if applicable, monthly state sales tax reports. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP – A general partnership is similar to a sole proprietorship in that it’s an unincorporated business with two or more co-owners. 1. Liability: Like a sole proprietorship, each partner in a general partnership is personally liable for any business debts, whether they are the fault of his actions, his partner(s), or his employees. This is a serious disadvantage of a general partnership. 2. Income taxes: A general partnership is not a taxable entity. Unlike a C corporation, the profit of a general partnership is not taxed twice. All profits and losses are passed through to the partners and taxed once at their personal tax rates. 3. Continuity: A general partnership has the right to choose its duration. It depends upon the partnership agreement. When a partner leaves a general partnership its called disassociation, and the remaining partners buy out the value of the departing partner, or they dissolve the partnership entirely. If it’s a large partnership the business generally continues to operate. 4. Control: A disadvantage of a general partnership is the management of the partnership, since all partners technically have a right to share in the management. This is especially true if there are many partners in the business, such as in a large law firm. As a rule many large general partnerships establish a management team to oversee their day to day operations. However, this does not negate the right of individual partners to address the management team if they deem it necessary. 5. Profit Retention: Unlike a C corporation, profits from a general partnership are not taxed twice. Since a general partnership is not a taxable entity, all profits and losses are passed through to the partners and are taxed at each partner’s individual tax rate. Avoiding the double taxation of a C corporation enables the partners in the general partnership to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: A general partnership is easy to form and does not require the partners to file a formal partnership agreement with the government. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP – A limited partnership is similar to a general partnership except there are general partners and limited partners. 1. Liability: In a limited partnership the general partners are personally liable for the limited partnership’s debt. To protect themselves from this personal liability, many general partners are corporations so only the assets of the corporation are at risk, and not their personal assets. On the other hand, the limited partners are not personally liable for the partnership’s debt. Only their capital investment in the limited partnership is at risk. 2. Income taxes: A limited partnership is not a taxable entity. Unlike a C corporation, the profit of a limited partnership is not taxed twice. All profits and losses are passed through to the partners and are taxed once at their personal tax rates. 3. Continuity: The continuity of a limited partnership depends upon the partnership agreement. Generally a limited partnership has the right to choose its duration. When a partner leaves a limited partnership it’s called disassociation. When this happens the remaining partners either buy out the value of the departing partner, or they dissolve the partnership entirely. 4. Control: As a rule general partners run the limited partnership. The limited partners are primarily passive investors in the partnership. 5. Profit Retention: Unlike a C corporation, profits from a limited partnership are not taxed twice. Since a limited partnership is not a taxable entity, all profits and losses are passed through to the partners and are taxed once at each partner’s individual tax rate. By avoiding the double taxation of a C corporation, the limited partnership enables the partners to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: It is difficult to form a limited partnership. Unlike a general partnership, a limited partnership must file a certificate of limited partnership with their Secretary of State and annual reports. C CORPORATION – A C corporation is a legal entity that offers limited liability to its shareholders for corporate debts or liability while protecting the shareholder’s personal assets. Corporations can be â€Å"closed† corporations owned by a small group or family, or â€Å"open† corporations whose stock is sold or traded on the stock market. 1. Liability: A corporation offers limited liability to the shareholders for the corporation’s debts and liability. The shareholder’s personal assets are not at risk. The only possible exception would be if a shareholder injured someone using corporate property. The corporation would be corporately liable and the shareholder would be personally liable. 2. Income taxes: A disadvantage of a C corporation is its income is taxed twice. A corporation pays taxes and files tax returns on its income, and the shareholder’s also pay personal taxes on the dividend income received from the corporation. 3. Continuity: Once a C corporation is formed it can exist indefinitely, with or without the original stockholders. 4. Control: A C corporation is managed by a Board of Directors who are usually shareholders with a large stake in the corporation. 5. Profit Retention: This is a disadvantage of a C corporation. Profit retention for a C corporation is less than that of a general partnership, since a C corporation’s income is taxed twice. A C corporation pays taxes on its income and the shareholder’s also pay personal taxes on the dividend income received from the corporation. 6. Regulatory Requirements: This is a disadvantage of a C corporation. It is difficult to form a C corporation because regulatory requirements are many. A C corporation is required to file incorporation documents with the state, additional filings throughout the year, and keep Board of Directors reports, minutes of meetings, etc. S CORPORATION – An S corporation is a legal entity that offers the limited liability of a corporation, but the pass through tax advantages of a partnership. 1. Liability: An S corporation offers its shareholders limited liability for the corporation’s debt. 2. Income taxes: An S Corporation is not a taxable entity (unlike a C corporation) and it does not pay taxes on its income. In this respect it functions much like a partnership. Income passes through the S corporation to the shareholders, who then pay taxes on the income at their individual tax rates. This is a clear advantage of an S corporation. 3. Continuity: Once an S corporation is formed it can exist indefinitely, with or without the original stockholders. However, it should be noted there are restrictions on the transfer of stock in accordance with the regulatory requirements listed below. 4. Control: An S corporation is managed by a Board of Directors who generally are shareholders with a large stake in the corporation. 5. Profit Retention: Since an S Corporation is not a taxable entity; all profits and losses are passed through to the shareholders and are taxed once at each shareholders individual tax rate. By avoiding the double taxation of a C corporation, the S corporation enables its shareholders to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: An S Corporation is difficult to form and has many regulatory requirements. Some of these requirements include one class of stock; a limit of 75 shareholders, shareholders must be U.S. citizens and cannot be corporations or partnerships. The regulatory requirements for an S corporation are disadvantageous. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY – An LLC is a legal entity similar to an S corporation in that it offers the limited liability of a corporation, but the tax advantages of a partnership. 1. Liability: An LLC offers its members limited liability of the company’s debt and protects the member’s personal assets. In an LLC only the capital investment of the members is at risk. 2. Income taxes: An LLC is not a taxable entity and it does not pay taxes on its income. In this respect it functions much like a partnership. Income passes through the LLC to its members, who then pay taxes once on the income at their individual tax rates. This is an advantage of an LLC. 3. Continuity: In a general sense once an LLC is formed it can exist indefinitely. However, this can vary depending on each state’s regulations regarding LLCs. If the operating agreement permits, an LLC member can transfer their interest in the LLC to anyone else without restriction. However, if the operating agreement does not address the transfer of interest, then the members of the LLC must unanimously agree to the transfer muck like in a partnership. 4. Control: A limited liability company is managed by a Board of Directors who are usually members with a large financial interest in the LLC. 5. Profit Retention: Since an LLC is not a taxable entity, all profits and losses are passed through to its members and are taxed once at each member’s individual tax rate. By avoiding double taxation the LLC enables its members to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. This is an advantage of an LLC. 6. Regulatory Requirements: A limited liability company is difficult to form and has many regulatory requirements. A charter must be filed with the Secretary of State and an operating agreement must be established outlining the obligations and rights of the LLC members. Since a limited liability company is a fairly new legal entity, perhaps the greatest difficulty is the varying requirements and restrictions for LLCs from state to state. REFERENCES Beatty, J., Samuelson, S. (2007). Business Law and the Legal Environment. Mason, OH: Thomson West Research Papers on Forms of Business OrganizationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThree Concepts of PsychodynamicMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAW

Quotes That Show Macbeths Intentions

Quotes That Show Macbeth's Intentions The motor that drives the tragedy of Shakespeares  Macbeth  is the lead character’s ambition. It is his primary character flaw and the trait that causes this brave soldier to murder his way to power. Early on in the famous play,  King Duncan hears of Macbeth’s heroics at war and bestows the title Thane of Cawdor on him. The current Thane of Cawdor has been deemed a traitor and the king orders him to be killed.  When Macbeth is made Thane of Cawdor, he believes that the kingship is not far off in his future. He writes a letter to his wife announcing the  prophecies, and it is actually Lady Macbeth who fans the flames of ambition as the play progresses. The two conspire to kill King Duncan so that Macbeth can ascend to the throne. Despite his initial reservations about the plan, Macbeth agrees, and, sure enough, he is named king after Duncans death. Everything that follows is simply the repercussion of Macbeths unbridled ambition. Both he and Lady Macbeth are plagued by visions of their wicked deeds, which eventually drive them insane. Brave Macbeth When  Macbeth  first appears at the start of the play, he is brave, honorable, and moral- qualities that he sheds as the play develops. He comes on the scene soon after a  battle, where an injured soldier reports Macbeth’s heroic deeds and famously labels him â€Å"brave Macbeth†: For brave Macbeth- well he deserves that name- Disdaining Fortune, with his brandishd steel,Which smoked with bloody execution,Like valours minion carved out his passageTill he faced the slave.(Act 1, Scene 2) Macbeth is presented as a man of action who steps up when he is needed, and a man of kindness and love when he is away from the battlefield. His wife, Lady Macbeth, adores him for his loving nature: Yet do I fear thy nature;It is too full o th milk of human kindnessTo catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great,Art not without ambition, but withoutThe illness should attend it.(Act 1, Scene 5) Vaulting Ambition An encounter with the three witches changes everything. Their premonition that Macbeth â€Å"shalt be king hereafter† triggers his ambition- and leads to murderous consequences. Macbeth makes clear that ambition drives his actions, stating as early as Act 1 that his sense of ambition is â€Å"vaulting†: I have no spurTo prick the sides onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itselfAnd falls on the other.(Act 1, Scene 7) When Macbeth makes plans to murder King Duncan, his moral code is still evident- but it is beginning to be corrupted by his ambition. In this quote, the reader can see Macbeth struggling with the evil he is about to commit: My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,Shakes so my single state of man that functionIs smotherd in surmise.(Act 1, Scene 3) Later in the same scene, he says: Why do I yield to that suggestionWhose horrid image doth unfix my hair,And make my seated heart knock at my ribs,Against the use of nature?(Act 1, Scene 3) But, as was made apparent at the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a man of action, and this vice supersedes his moral conscience. It is this trait that enables his ambitious desires. As his character develops throughout the play, action eclipses Macbeths morals. With each murder, his moral conscience is suppressed, and he never struggles with subsequent murders as much as he does with killing Duncan. By the end of the play, Macbeth kills Lady Macduff and her children without hesitation. Macbeth’s Guilt Shakespeare does not let Macbeth get off too lightly. Before long, he is plagued with guilt: Macbeth starts hallucinating;  he sees the ghost of murdered Banquo, and he hears voices: Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep.(Act 2, Scene 1) This quote reflects the fact that Macbeth murdered Duncan in his sleep. The voices are nothing more than Macbeth’s moral conscience seeping through, no longer able to be suppressed. Macbeth also hallucinates the murder weapons, creating one of the play’s most famous quotes: Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand?(Act 2, Scene 1) In the same act, Ross, Macduffs cousin, sees right through Macbeths unbridled ambition and predicts where it will lead: to Macbeth becoming  king. Gainst nature still!Thriftless ambition, that will ravin upThine own lives means! Then tis most likeThe sovereignty will fall upon Macbeth.(Act 2, Scene 4) Macbeths Fall Near the end of the play, the audience catches a glimpse of the brave soldier who appeared at the beginning. In one of Shakespeare’s most beautiful speeches, Macbeth admits that he is short on time. The armies have amassed outside the castle and there is no way he can win, but he does what any man of action would do: fight. In this speech, Macbeth realizes that time ticks on regardless and that his actions will be lost to time: Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrowCreeps in this petty pace from day to dayTo the last syllable of recorded timeAnd all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death.(Act 5, Scene 5) Macbeth seems to realize in this speech the cost of his unchecked ambition. But it is too late: There is no reversing the consequences of his evil opportunism.

MLT1 Task 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MLT1 Task 5 - Essay Example Streptococci lacti) and Lactobacilli (e.g. Lactobacillus casei, L. pentosus), which produce lactic acid as the end product of fermentation (Buchanan & Cibbons, 1974). Other glucose fermenting bacteria that produce these acids are Proteus, Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Microbacterium and Leuconostoc (Buchanan & Cibbons, 1974). When using phenol red indicator in the broth media, two bacterias that ferment glucose were the E. coli and Shigella sonnei, they produced measurable acid by-product because the broth media changed from red to yellow. Therefore, organisms like Escherichia coli, ferments glucose through fermentation thereby liberating large amount of three types of acids like succinic, lactic, and acetic, which changes the media from yellow to red (McDevitt, 2009). The Voges – Proskauer test is appropriate because of the detection capability of acetoin, which is produced by the bacteria that use it as metabolic intermediate by following the butane diol pathway (Buchanan & Cibbons, 1974). This test is used when differentiating Escherichia coli from other Enterobacter  species like Enterobacter  aerogenes because E. coli is positive in Methyl red yet negative Voges-Proskauer whiles the Enterobacter  aerogenes is negative in Methyl red test and positive in Voges-Proskauer (McDevitt, 2009). Availability of main source of food determines the enzymes and the pathway of glucose metabolism because different nutrients require specific enzymes hence determining the pathway (Dannessa, 2014). However, alternative pathways are used when organism require a specific amount of ATP, since different pathway produce a certain amount of ATP after oxidation of glucose (Dannessa,

Beyond Auto Dependence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beyond Auto Dependence - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the development of cities is dependent on the adoption of a sustainable mode of transport. The future of the cities is defined by the extent to which automobile can be discarded for alternative economic establishments. Cities should endeavor to improve urban centers and enhance the public spaces meant for cyclists and pedestrians. Kenworthy  states that it is necessary to ''improve the urban centers and enhance the public space for pedestrians and cyclists.''   The infrastructure design should take into consideration the plight of the populations that use the pathways or cycle to various destinations. The development of freeways promotes the use of cars yet such propensities extract the land that can otherwise be used for other essential development.As the study highlights  cities should introduce welfare structures that allow citizens to share cars and bicycles. Car-on-demand schemes should be introduced in various jurisdictions to reduce ca r ownership. Car ownership is responsible for the congestion that is witnessed in urban settings. Kenworthy notes that it is important to ''introduce vehicle car and bike sharing and car-on-demand schemes to help reduce car ownership''. Congestion should be penalized to discourage the ownership and embrace sharing.  The use of trains for transportation is testimony that the possibility of people sharing in terms of mobility is high.